Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente.

Drain the pasta in a colander and rinse under cold water to cool.

In a mixing bowl, whisk together olive oil, lemon juice, minced garlic, salt, and black pepper until well combined.

In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled pasta, cherry tomatoes, cucumber, red onion, and chopped basil.

Pour the dressing over the pasta salad and toss to combine.

Add grated Parmesan cheese and gently mix until evenly distributed.

Serve immediately or refrigerate for 30 minutes to allow flavors to meld before serving.